The Turbulent Sixties - An essay about the turbulent 1960s...

The 1960s was a wild decade all around the world. It was a time of change, the baby boom generation was reaching adulthood, the culture of the time promoted sex, drugs and rock and roll, and civil rights issues were tearing the United States of America apart. Three major civil rights issues nearly tore the nation apart in the 1960s. Desegregation of the public school system had the end result of integrating black and white children into the same school. New Black Nationalism began to demand economic justice and legal equality and they would fight for it at any cost. Those struggles made by African-Americans gave other groups the inspiration to protest for what they thought was right. Affirmative Action which was brought in the 1960s as a†¦show more content†¦He wanted black pride and autonomy from the corrupt white society. Malcolm X sparked off the Black Pride movement which achieved national attention throughout the 1960s. These very movements spread to other ethnic groups who were also fighting for their rights throughout the nation. Nation Americans were one ethnic group which followed Malcolm X s lead. Native American activism was one of militancy and radicalism with the cry, redShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of The Mexican-American and the Chruch Speech1125 Words   |  5 Pages The impact of one single speech can essentially affect the entire world. Granted, there are different degrees of impact felt: those present at the speech, those who watched/heard the actual speech from somewhere else, those who heard some things about it from someone else, and so on and so forth. As the speaker’s message experiences a sort of ripple affect, it calms and becomes less and less dynamic. The main point, or gist, of the speech endures but potentially valuable details; those pertainingRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II Essay2038 Words   |  9 PagesShort Answer: 1. 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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First publishedRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesSTUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any formRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form

The Pursuit of Human Freedom in Kate Chopin’s The...

In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening and Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre, one of the most prevalent and recurring themes and ideas relates to human freedom. The main characters in the two novels, Edna Pontellier and Jane Eyre, both long for social, religious, and sexual emancipation among other things – freedom from the constraints of Victorian society, which have rendered them dependent and inferior to men. While it is true that both protagonists of their respective novels wanted emancipation, their living conditions and qualities of life varied widely. Even though both women, Edna and Jane, wanted â€Å"emancipation† from their respective societies, the conditions that each woman was subject to were quite dissimilar. Jane had a very malnourished†¦show more content†¦In both novels, one of the main obstacles to emancipation for Jane and Edna lie within society itself. The Creole society in which Edna lived would most likely have been seen through Jane ’s eyes as much more â€Å"free† and â€Å"liberal† than the society she herself was living in. However, being able to look back at both societies, it is clear that they were both very restrictive, albeit in different ways and to different extremes. In Jane Eyre’s time a woman without money or a husband was frowned upon and cast down by the masses. In addition, social mobility was almost unheard of, as was unconformity to religion. In contrast, people living during the time The Awakening was written – specifically women – had slightly more leniency in terms of marriage choices. Even so, complete â€Å"freedom† as we look at it today was unobtainable. Edna wanted to be herself without having to do anything for anyone else. Her most noticeable outcry against society was her relationships with Robert and Alcà ©e Arobin. This sexual awakening was experienced and longed for by both women, but it manifested itself quite differently in eac h woman. Edna openly talked with other men, namely Robert and Alcà ©e and some evidence even suggests she had sex with Alcà ©e. This is exhibited â€Å"When he leaned forward and kissed her, she clasped his head, holding his lips to hers† (Chopin 139).

Cross Cultural perspectives Free Essays

The company decided to use was Struck Corporation. Struck has been an iconic symbol in the coffee industry here in the United States. It is a place where people go to meet, work; do school work, and many other things. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Struck Corporation has created an atmosphere that makes people feel okay with spending six dollars or more on a latte. Although its great success in the United States and many other countries, Struck has really struggled to thrive in Europe. Struck CEO Howard Schultz traveled to Italy in 1983 and was really inspired by their espresso bars. He saw the potential in the concept off coffee house thriving in Seattle. Schultz really took that idea and sculpted it into everything the American people were looking for. As the company grew and expanded into other countries, it eventually came full circle and ended up back in Europe, where the idea began. This would prove to be more off struggle than expected. You would think that Struck would thrive in a country that lives off coffee and tea. The espresso and latte experience in Europe is an everyday thing; apart of the culture. Struck is having a difficult time bringing an American version of a coffee shop to Europe. Its reputation of having a fast food type atmosphere isn’t doing the trick. The European people need a more intimate experience. One problem that Struck is having in Europe is the way they serve the coffee. The iconic paper cup and sleeve isn’t cutting it in Europe. I feel it portrays a cheaper product. Also, Struck has a fast food type environment. When in Europe the coffee shops are sit down restaurants almost. Struck needs to learn how to adapt to the European cafe culture. Struck very modern look and dcore have not been keeping up with the elaborate dcore of the cafeg’s in Europe. In 2012 the New York Times captured a picture of a beautifully decorated coffee shop. It had big comfortable velvet chairs that filled the room. Chandeliers line the ceilings and just a beautiful atmosphere. To my surprise it was a Struck. They were successful in creating an atmosphere that holds to European tradition. In Europe you do not go to a coffee shop to be waited on. Even though they do have servers they do not work on tips. All of this is very different from an American coffee shop. Struck has really perfected coffee shops here in America. Instead of an elaborately decorated room, it’s more Of a modern and sleek area for enjoying your favorite cup of coffee. Also, there are no servers coming to your table, but energetic baristas brewing amazing coffee with a smile and a small conversation. Struck may be on to something in Europe trying to adapt to their way of doing things. In order to keep turning a profit out in Europe they must continue to disguise themselves as a local coffee shop. In the New York Times article In Europe, Struck Adjusts to a Cafe Culture where they quote local coffee goers. Daphnia Monitor 19 year old Parisian said, â€Å"We see stars like Kim Sardinian in all the magazines walking around with a Struck,† and, â€Å"My friends and I come because it’s hip. † What this tells me is that the American lifestyle is being mimicked. Especially when very famous influential people are going to Struck regularly. There are several viable solutions for Struck in Europe. The key would be to not spend extra money but to shift the money that is being spent. When opening new stores, Struck would have to go about the dcore in a different way. Change from paper cups and sleeves to mugs and plates, and still stay true to being environmentally friendly. Last, the training and Struck team should never change. Struck can change the dcore by going from a modern look and shift it to very elaborate looking decorations. Interior decorations in Europe don’t have the same color schemes as we have here in the United States. Having big comfortable chairs of some kind of fabric instead of modern chairs and leather couches. Incorporating chandeliers and mirrors to make the rooms kick bigger and fancier. One major misconception of Struck in Europe is the iconic coffee cups and sleeves. Unfortunately this is perceived as a lesser product, even though this is not the case. This will save money in several different types of cups, sleeves, and much more. A coffee cup that can be rewashed and reused will save a lot of money and will take very minimal water to wash. Also, adding Rupee’s favorite treats to accompany the drinks will be a great addition. If the ambiance was altered and the cups changed, the consumer will not know he difference. They are judging the coffee before they even get a chance to taste it. Some are lured in by the fact that it is an American company enjoyed by the stars. American celebrity endorsements and maybe invitations to store openings would help raise customer interest. Customers will continue to drink it as long as it is portrayed and interpreted as cool or hip. Lastly, the employee training is key. This is something that must not be tainted no matter what changes around them. Customer involvement and connection has been and continues to be absolutely crucial part of Struck success. This is what separates Struck from any other coffee shop American or European. Continuing to hire fun, charismatic, and hardworking people no matter what culture and nationality is essential to the company thriving anywhere. Also, putting the Correct people in management is a key part Of the team. In conclusion, there are several WAP to lure in the European people to Struck. Adapting to European culture can and will be very beneficial. SSH fitting the image slightly but keeping the priorities in tact will be essential. Changing from paper to glass mugs will help lower costs and bring people onto the stores. How to cite Cross Cultural perspectives, Papers Cross Cultural Perspectives Free Essays For many years, Nike Inc has been known worldwide as the champion of athletic gear producers, being a global leader in business and marketing. The company experienced a tremendous growth between 1970s and 1990s, dominating the global athletic footwear and apparel market (Cartey, 2002). However, in 1990s, Nike started facing a fierce criticism for its unethical practices of conducting business in developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Critics accused Nike for poor working conditions, exploitation of cheap overseas labor, and violation of minimum wage and overtime laws in countries, such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Mexico, where the company had outsourced its manufactures. Instead of using ethical means to developing a global brand, Nike used child labor and every possible cheap way to increase its profits. Like many other U. S. companies, Nike manufactures its products in third world countries. Workers in these manufactures may earn as little as 12 cents per hour, working in unsafe, even dangerous working environments. These manufactures are called sweatshops, and have triggered many objections from human right organizations for violating the basic human rights. Victoria Carty (2002) explains that: The Internet has significantly accentuated awareness of the controversies surrounding Nike’s business culture and practices. Information regarding corporate abuses has spread quickly through cyberspace, bringing bad publicity to new levels of awareness, and has facilitated mobilization among activists. It has also provided the resources and environment essential for organized mobilization in the form of a new social movement (NSM). When the labor activists and scholars began observing Nike’s labor practices, they discovered systematic violations of workers’ rights in Nike factories. Their findings resulted on health and safety absences in the working environment, discrimination against trade unions, forced overtime, unfair wages, and increasing production quotas whenever workers met them. Since assembly line workers in developing countries could not have success against the exploitation, citizens from the international community begun advocating for them and started an anti-Nike campaign to confront these unethical issues and demand corporate social responsibility and respect for human rights. These manufactures, on the other hand have allowed developing countries to expend their exports and improve their economies. Therefore, many debates have developed about globalization and global labor practices. While critics seek regulations to restrict the use of sweatshop labor, economists think that such regulations will harm the world’s poor. Proponents, who support sweatshops, argue that free trade without labor restrictions generates future prosperity and, therefore, better working conditions for the host country, by providing developed countries with access to cheaper goods. In turn, opportunities to exploit cost advantages in export markets are greater. Based on their research, even terrible jobs provide some positive outcomes to a society, by benefiting others, who are not part of this employment. Workers can also earn job-related skills and provide benefits to the society at large. Eventually, a durable economic growth will improve the economic and social conditions of these people. That is why the economist Paul Krugman supports Myerson’s economic theory that â€Å"The overwhelming mainstream view among economists is that growth of this kind of employment is tremendous good news for the world’s poor† (Arnold Hartman, 2005). Sweatshops are the optimal solution for a developing nation’s economy. According to Arnold and Hartman (2005), â€Å"†¦the argument states that, however much we may not like some of what we see in the labor conditions of developing nations, this is the market at work; and the market works to generate overall improvements in economic welfare for a society. † They consider a moral obligation to perform actions that better enhance the overall satisfaction of these societies. Therefore, they argue, as many sweatshops as possible must be created and maintained. Is their evaluation legitimate? Generally, market economies have the potential to create tremendous economic growth in poor countries; ethical responsibilities would be that businesses which seek to benefit from that growth not do so by exploiting the human and natural resources of host countries (DesJardins, 2011). Although free markets generate benefits, certain boundary conditions hold firm. The relation between workers and their employers should be such that workers are fully informed about occupational health risks and their employment is truly voluntary, not through coercion. People must be able to make rational decisions about their self-interest, and no child should be held to the terms of any contract they enter into. Critics of sweatshops argue that workers may agree to work under poor conditions, because they have no other option to earn income, and they may not have enough information, prior to being employed in those sweatshops. Once they have made such choices, it would be extremely difficult for them to get out of a labor agreement and return to the previous circumstances. That is why the fact that workers agree to work under poor conditions does not mean they agreed to the kind of conditions they face. DesJardins (p. 280) explains that â€Å"Someone who chooses to surrender her money to an armed robber is also relatively better off than she otherwise would have been, but this fact does not justify the actions of the robber. † So, there is not a well-functioning free market in these countries. In contrast, they cause a social disruption, because people leave from their villages to depend on public social services in urban areas. An increased population in urban areas worsens sanitation and housing resources. Job losses from the closed factories in these countries result in a higher poverty. What should Nike do to show an ethical responsibility to business in these host countries? First, it should not tolerate any discretionary exploitation in the contractors it employs—for example, when managers try to extort sexual favors from vulnerable workers. Second, it should insist that the established labor laws be obeyed and also that governments enforce those rules uniformly. This will do away with impure structural exploitation. Third, it should press for structural solutions that end the exploitability of labor and do its fair share to repair the background circumstances that make taking unfair advantage possible. Certainly it should not lobby for policies that perpetuate or strengthen the structural conditions that permit businesses to exploit workers. In 1990s Nike started facing criticism from different human right organizations for poor labor conditions of its workers in foreign countries, in particular in Asian countries. Nike has violated the minimum wage and overtime laws in these countries and has used the exploitation of the poor people to gain billions of dollars. These events have triggered many critics and economists to discuss and analyze the situation from a variety of ethical frameworks. Nike has tried to take actions to curb its practices and observe these manufactures to ensure that child labor is not being used. However, there is still much to do for applying the same ethical responsibility standards inside U. S. as well as in international business. How to cite Cross Cultural Perspectives, Papers Cross cultural perspectives Free Essays The international market is the primp situation for all companies, even though almost every organization experiences growth as time passes. The main goal of almost every big business Is to be able to reach the largest market and enable growth; the international market. There are many different things that International markets bring to an organization, advantage wise, for Instance a bigger brand name, international market shares, Investors, or even growth that will allow the capability to be able to manufacture many products for a lot less expensive labor cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross cultural perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though most companies want to go big or go home, there are bound to be many different obstacles and difficulties in making the bigger picture happen. Between going national and international, there are so many deferent moral and social responsibilities that must be overcome as the organization progresses through the ranks to be a worldwide international organization. The organization that I choose is the Levi Strauss company, I love the Jeans and there is an over abundant amount of information available to the public about the history of their organization. Levi Strauss and Company, which Is based In San Francisco, California has actually been one of many different companies that have been able to overcome all the adversity and become an International organization and one of the largest retail sale producers In apparel. The organization has their headquarters in California, but they are able to operate and be successful with their different plants and operations in 110 different nations across the globe. Breaking down the split of what their income as a company is generally split from the United States and outside the border to a ear 50/50 split. Actually, Levi Strauss has recently been dealing with issues with foreign organizations to incorporate stockholders, media sites, investment companies, and even employees’ right’s unions. There were noted to be a lot of different reasons that people were getting upset with Levi Strauss and Company, but one of the major reasons Levi Strauss and Company incurred so much trouble was in their two plants in Bangladesh. There was mass confusion about the laws and stipulations In that country compared to the united States. What was stated Is that Levi Strauss was ring employees that were below the minimum age requirement, but in all actuality, in Bangladesh, there are different laws as to how old an individual must be to work in a similar plant as Levi Strauss and Company. The minimum age for an individual to work at a manufacturing plant comparable to Levi Strauss and Company is sixteen. When one looks at the history of Bangladesh, there is nothing out of the ordinary to see children, ages fifteen and younger to be out in the workforce and helping with their families household income. One issue in Bangladesh to be specific is their lack f producing a birth certificate to prove age, another issue that has been brought up is the lack of nutrition for the supposedly younger kids, who most likely look younger than they actually are. Even though these younger people are working In different Levi Strauss’ plants, these types of situations are very evident and continuous even though the Conditions of Engagement for and from Levi Strauss and Company. Levi Strauss isn’t the first one to be in the microscope from external stakeholders for child As an ethical international company, Levi Strauss seems to have the moral views of he majority of people. To ensure they stay ethical, there are a few things that the organization must follow like the encouragement of dialogs interactions, motivation of involvement in making decisions, adjusts personal as well as company goals and conducts, imposes direct responsibility for expecting and addressing ethical crises. These would be the most basic ethical requirements required by Levi Strauss along with an international anti bribery plan, a global rule of business actions, and An anti- corruption plan. During the year 2008, the organization was once again in the spotlight from many external pressures by the way they were breaking different child labor laws, like the way that Uzbekistan has been doing the same thing. Not only did Levi Straus help take care of the issue, but they have confessed that they have worried about the problem for a very long time. Following the different problems, Levi Strauss and company went through major changes including no use of any product coming from Uzbekistan. Being involved in such a critical matter, Levi Strauss and company took added measures to relieve the pressure and stress from the child labor laws by not only ruminating employees that were part of the infractions, but would continue to help assist them with full pay and benefits contingent on them going to school and completing that for themselves and their families. Laws against labor of underage is definitely a major concern for Levi Strauss, but unfortunately with having 110 different countries subject to the same standards, there are always other obstacles for the organization to overcome because they are such a large international organization. One of the other obstacles that happens more often than almost anything is discrimination in the workplace. This has actually become more of a recognized problem and enforced almost worldwide, not Just in the United States. Many attempts to regulate discrimination are moral and the practices therein are sure to find their way into problems. In Vietnam, operational corruption is one of the biggest moral challenges to overcome, and it includes Levi Strauss and Company. Corruption in organizations has been noted to take away three to four percent of the world’s total gross domestic products each year. In one of the latest researches, 67% of business proprietors in Vietnam presume that they will have to pay for a bribe at some stage in a particular year to carry on in business operations (Inrush Areola, 2010) These two examples are not even scratching the surface as to what an international organization must face on a daily basis to keep their head above water and to keep themselves profitable. The way that Levi Strauss and Company have been able to continue to be successful is the fact that they were able to instate one set of written rules and guideline to have as a basis for all of their companies and plants around the world to abide by. This type of action is Just a preventative method that instills the idea and provides a little insurance plan to help prevent allegations of wrongdoings. Levi Strauss and Company is much like all international companies in the way that they have to uphold their integrity and ensure that they are conducting business in a throughout the company, a simple memo will not suffice. There must be people all over the world at all the different plants making sure that the code of ethics provided by the company are met and are not too specific to follow by all employees. If these hypes of actions have been thought of years ago, there probably would never have been an issue in Bangladesh and the underage labor that was happening and they could have avoided that completely. Many, many businesses are striving for the international market in today’s society. They are all wanting growth and potentially higher earnings. Social and Moral factors are often overlooked and ignored when businesses are up and coming. There will never be a way for one method or one set of rules to govern any international company from one end to another. Arrangements according to the environment and he nation are essential clues to help adjust for each little market in the bigger picture of international business. The more of the little things each international companies do to ensure moral and social obligations, the longer and more thriving their business will become and continue to prosper. References Five compliance and ethics issues to consider in Vietnam. 2010, Gregory Inrush Fernando Areola. Retrieved from http://knowledgeable. Thunderbird. Dude/ research/2009/11/04/Vietnam/ Levi Strauss Co. (Unknown) 2010. Retrieved from http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Levi_Strauss__Co. How to cite Cross cultural perspectives, Papers

Sample Assignment on Organizational Changes written by expert

Introduction Organization works in a dynamic environment and therefore it is necessary that the anticipation of changes is done in a manner that is beneficial for the company (Beer, 1997). The case of Lion Nathan, Alcoholic Beverage Company has been discussed that has applied the measures to sustain the business growth and become competitive in the markets. The company employs a total of 7500 employees. The case study will be discussed in line to the relevant organizational strategies and the nature in which they have been implemented in Lion Nathan case. Key Forces of Organizational Change External Forces External forces are referred to as the forces that are outside the purview of the organization. These forces are demographics, changes in technology, changes in the markets, and political and social forces (Burnes, 2004). Lion Nathan employs 7500 people, in which 7000 people are across Australia and New Zealand. The company is the largest purchaser of agricultural products. The company employs more than 1800 Australians and 1400 New Zealanders. Internal Forces The work force in case of Lion Nathan showed aggressive defensive style of leaderships. The desire to avoid failures is higher in the managers and they drove the employees harder to work. In order to manage talent in a proper manner, Lion Nathan developed its talent management application. Before 2001, the company was not using any such method. Kotters Eight Step Plan Creation of Sense of Urgency For creation of the sense of Urgency there should be commitment from all ends of the spectrum. This particularly happened in Lion Nathan where the leadership in order to create a change that will have lasting impact involved each and every person in the organization to commit for the change (Stout, 2007). The core values of the company that were derived by the integrity and passion of the company were inclined with the behaviour of the individuals. Forming a Coalition The initiatives for the change were done by Bob Barbour that adopted plans and design to implement the SHRM initiatives in the organization. HR function was kept in the core and he created a formation that would add value by ensuring that people work in teams. He helped in the HR functional implementation and aligning the work of the people with the agenda of the organization. Creation of Vision for Change For the creation of the change in the organization the focus was built on the cultures and behaviour dynamic in nature. The company pin pointed the culture and behaviour through the past workshops held on the development of leaders. There was a need for the company to adopt the leadership styles that were constructive in nature (Lion Wine, n d). Communication of the Vision The next step was to create a constructive management style. The communication in regards to the leaders accountability was communicated. Leaders were made to understand the model and to adopt the same for the benefits of the company. Assessments of their leadership styles were done by the Life Styles Inventory and Organizational Cultural Inventory. Removing the Barriers The adoption of the right leadership approach and moulding the leaders through workshops was the next logical step by the organization. This was done by assessment of self reported thinking styles and perception by other people. Creation of Quick Wins The transformation in the working of the company that was achieved by talent management and transformation in leadership styles and 360 degree feedback resulted in steady growth of more than 6 percent. The expansion was also made possible into fine wines and RTD. Build on Change Realignments were made and the accountability increased. The company in order to build on the changes brought the 10 core behaviours that were imbibed in the performance management processes. Changes in Corporate Culture The company remains committed and invests in the core strategic facilities, people, and assets. Cultural Learning New leadership regime was developed by the adoption of constructive leadership styles by the leaders. The changes in the accountability and the responsibility were created. The new culture of Lion Nathan has evolved after the OCI system. This system includes the behaviour that the people feel is essential for the organization. New model includes coaching to the employees and making them more accountable. The key strengths of the company is to provide the employee chances to grow, this is done by training the employees, and identification of the talent. Another advantage of the company is the engagement of the employees and supportive behaviour of the company that ensures that the company meets the needs of the customers (Fox, 2008). The company uses technology and keeps evolving it for the betterment of the HR system. The HR systems are evaluated on the basis of metrics. This includes the cost of hiring, and tools like the customer and engagement of the employees. The edge for the company is its ability to engage the people and the customers (Lawrence, 2011). Leadership Theory Behaviourism theory gets its relevance in case of the organization under study. The behavioural theory states that the leaders are made and not born. On the basis of the practices of the company some key attributes are demonstrated. The company believes that the work of the leaders influences the motivation levels and the style of working of the employees. The company has grown in terms of the planning and implementation of the three pillar strategy created by Bob Barbour, which includes the creation of the objectives, and management of people and the processes. The company policies have been effective due to the fact that the strategies made were all for the long term business perspectives of the company. The development of the constructive style leadership has been made in Lion Nathan. The changes in the company have been effective through a series of the behaviour and cultural changing measures (Lion Sustainability Report, 2013). The challenges were given to the leaders of Lion Na than so that they develop their own constructive styles. The company believes that the leaders are important part for the culture, and therefore the HR strategies were realigned. The leaders were given coaching and lessons so that they were able to create their own styles. The approach of the company has been Behaviour * Results model. The model is pretty clear not only are the results the behaviours also accessed by the company. The rewards to the people are given not only the basis of the performances but also on the basis of the constructive approach that is required in the approach. The new culture is valuable in the sense that the people are heard in the organization that creates the viability in the organizational working (Cooke Lafferty, 2008). There has been significant impact of the leadership efforts of the company and that has been a significant experience on the company. The company is always engaging the clients and the people together and that has been the biggest adv antage of the company. The company manages the stakeholders and there interest. The success of the company can be seen from the people engagement survey. The company achieved the responses of 85% of the respondents who mentioned that the company is the global high performance company. This survey was done in the year 2013, and that made the improvement of 2% from the year 2012. The company through its leadership measures uses effective tools to engage the employees and well being of the people are ensured. This brings the group in the highly ethical company. The advantage of the company lies in the fact that they work on the basis of the authenticity and increasing authenticity in the organization. Employee Strategies to Motivate the Employees Expectancy Theory Expectancy theory measures that motivational factor of the person and the acts are determined by that motivation factor. In case of Lion Nathan, the community platform is built on the three pillars that is sociability, passions and integration of the people. The culture of the company motivates the employees to work in a better and constructive manner. The culture is measured by the honest opinions and the people communication. The more blue the company is the better it is for the culture as it supports constructive atmosphere among people. The internal and external communication channels help the people to remain engaged in the company. This motivates them to work harder and in a innovative manner. There is the policy of engagement of the employees and the stakeholders with the organization core values. This creates the bonding between the employees that creates the motivation of the employees. The company makes efforts to invest among employees. These programmes also called the lea rning spaces are beneficial for the motivation of the employees. Conclusion Lion Nathan has been innovative and engaging for the stakeholders. The plans of the company have always focused on the performance and the leadership qualities in the people. The constructive values in the people and the effective communication are beneficial for the companys growth. Both external and internal processes are catered by the company. This results in the bonding between the employees and the company that has been noted in various surveys. The company therefore has been successful in the approach of leaderships and creating leaders that are long lasting and make decision that have long lasting benefits for the company. References Cooke, R A Lafferty 2008, Culture Transformation Achievement Awards [Online] Human Synergistics International, Available from: www.hsnz.co.nz, Accessed 23 August 2014. Fox, C 2008, Chasing the froth: Lion Nathan CEO Rob Murray, Australian Financial Review Boss, pp 3841. Lawrence, A 2011, Chapter 7. In Graetz, F., Rimmer, M., Lawrence, A. Smith, A., Managing Organizational Change, Australia: John Wiley. Lion Sustainability Report 2013, Sustainability Report [Online], Available from: lionco., Accessed on 23 August 2014. Lion Wine n d, About us [Online], Available from: , Accessed on 22 August 2014. Stout, B 2007, Leadership Development Restores Lion Nathans Roar, in T+D Magazine, 61(12), pp 6870.

Blood brothers plot character summary free essay sample

Paragraph 1 The play we have been working on ‘Blood Brothers’. The plot of the story is about a pair of twins who got separated at birth, but their backgrounds in life take them to different paths which lead to opposite social lives. The play had a first run at West End in London in 1983 and it is written by Willy Russell. The play was set in Liverpool in 1962 and continues for around 20 years. The main theme in the play is the different classes i.e. Mrs Johnstone and Mickey being from a not so rich background so they are in lower-middle class, whereas Mrs Lyons is very rich which means she is in upper class. The other themes are; Class, Violence Superstition/Religion, and Parenting Family Values. The style of the piece is naturalistic but also has some variety of non-naturalistic drama into it. I think that the aim for Willy Russell’s play was to demonstrate the classes of his time period, but also to make the audience to think about why there are even classes and how they think and act around each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood brothers plot character summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s also to make people think about what the effect of their actions do to the people. He would like the audience to think about the reason why the classes treat each other, which is because of the amount of money they have! Which Willey Russell thinks it isn’t right, as he shows how their lives changes for which classes they are in, and makes it effective by showing how their paths in life go as they get older. My scene is where Sammy and his friends are having a go at Mickey, but Linda steps in and helps/sorts it out. Sammy is the main one of his friends, and he does like to show off in front of his friends but also don’t really pay attention to anything much, whereas Mickey doesn’t, Mickey is more of a quiet/shy boy who puts his head down with education and focuses on the important things in life. I would like to achieve for them to think about the classes of that time period and what is was like to get something you wanted, but also to make the audience think about how they would have got it if they were in a lower class. Paragraph 2 This particular scene is good to direct because it shows what Sammy and Mickey are like when they aren’t friends (or Blood Brothers) My scene is different because in the play when Mickey and Sammy are friends, they are  all nice and friendly to each other, whereas this scene isn’t like that at all. Sammy shows that he doesn’t like Mickey and because Mickey has been brought up in an upper class, he doesn’t really fight Mickey verbally. For our scene we are using leather jackets for Sammy and his friends, but for Mickey he/she will be wearing something classier other than casual which is what Mickey wears. This scene is good to act because it makes you think about how the classes used to act towards each other and how they acted themselves e.g. The upper class is always expected to get married and have a good job, whereas the lower class is most likely to not even have a job or at least have a small pay on one. Working progress 1st paragraph I am playing Sammy, and I am performing him when he is having a go at Mickey just for the fun out of it as he likes to show off. Sammy is a lower class person, he walks very sluggish but has a bit of swag to his walk, and he has a natural accent (Liverpool). He also sits like he is slouching. He does all of this because this shows that he is a lower class person and that he is the main person out of his group (or gang).

Biology Lab Report on the Effects of Photosynthesis Essays

Biology Lab Report on the Effects of Photosynthesis Essays Biology Lab Report on the Effects of Photosynthesis Paper Biology Lab Report on the Effects of Photosynthesis Paper Essay Topic: Photo Synthesis Thesis Energy (TAP), initially in the form of glucose (macroeconomics) is later armed by condensation reaction into starch (polysaccharide). These alpha glucose units are attached together by glycoside bonds. Starch is formed after the Calvin Cycle in the Stoma. Carbon dioxide is present in the air and the water is gained from precipitation or morning dew. The water is broken down in photosynthesis I (sourcing invisible light of Mann) by photolysis. This process sets free electrons and helps close the cycle of the light dependent stage. But before this process can be set off, a gradient in energy must be achieved. The most energy is gained in the first part of the light dependent stage (which creates the gradient) of photosynthesis II, sourcing in visible light of Mann. There are 5 major requirements for photosynthesis to take place: 1) A temperature in the environment between 5 35 degree Celsius, 2) Chlorophyll available in chloroplasts, 3) Water, 4) Carbon dioxide and 5) Light of favorable intensity. If any of these factors are absent, photosynthesis cannot occur. Materials required Materials list Geranium, begonia, or impatiens plants (entirely green leaves), coleus with irrigated leaves (green and white colored), hot plates and hot-water bath, Logos iodine solution in dropper bottles, 250-ml beakers, 100-ml beakers, tongs, forceps, Petri dishes, glass-marking pencil, 70% alcohol Method PART I Effects Of Light And Dark On Starch Formation The leaves used for Part I are completely green. A few of these leaves have been entirely and partially covered with black paper two days before the lab. Then the plant was exposed to good light during the day. 1 . With a glass-marking pencil, label one 250-ml beaker light, and label another 250-ml beaker dark. Half-fill the two beakers with water. Place a uncovered leaf to light, and both a entirely covered and a semi-covered leaf in the dark, in the appropriately marked beakers. Place the beakers on the hot plate, bring the water to boiling, and boil the leaves 5 minutes. 2. While the leaves are boiling, use another hot plate to prepare a hot-water bath. Label one 100-ml beaker light, and one dark. Half-fill each with 70% alcohol. With forceps or tongs, remove the boiled leaves from the water and transfer each to the appropriately marked smaller beaker. Place both 100-ml beakers in the boiling water bath. Bring the alcohol to boiling, and boil gently until all the chlorophyll in the leaves has dissolved in the alcohol. 3. While the leaves are boiling, label one Petri dish lighting another one dark. When the leaves have lost their chlorophyll, use the forceps to transfer each to the correctly marked Petri dish. 4. Gently spread out the leaves in the Petri dishes. Add drops of Logos iodine solution to each leaf until iodine has come into contact with the entire leaf. 5. Wash all glassware thoroughly. Dry the table top with a paper towel PART II Effect Of Chlorophyll On Starch Formation The plants used in Part II have been exposed to bright light. You will test their leaves for starch, as you did in Part l. One leaf will be all green, and the other will be partly green and partly white (variegated). 1. Repeat Steps 1 through 4 of Part I using one all-green leaf, and one green-and- white leaf. Label the beakers and Petri dishes G for the green leaf and G W for the green and white leaf. A. Before boiling the green and white leaf, make a drawing of it, showing the distribution of chlorophyll. Label the drawing variegated Leaf b. Observe the color changes that occur when Logos solution is put on the . After testing for starch, draw the two leaves and indicate the distribution of starch. Place the correct title under each leaf. Data Collection and Data Analysis Sketch 1 Sketch 2 Analysis In Sketch 1 the light exposed leaf seemed to have produced more starch than the covered leaf. In fact the covered leaf did not show any dark purple coloring at all. Sketch 2 show the variegated leaf, before being run through the lab procedures, green and white are clearly distinguishable. After having treated the green and the variegated leaf (sketch 2) certain areas of the variegated leaf indicated the presence of starch. The coloring took place only on the green parts, the white ones seemed unaffected. Question answer 1. In Part l, why did you test leaves that had been exposed to light as well as those that had been in the dark? Those leaves in the dark were not exposed to any light, therefore also didnt have any photosynthesis occurring. This will create a contrast towards the light exposed leaf and will help visualize the role of chlorophyll. 2. In Part II, why did you test leaves that were all green as well as leaves that were part green and part white? Since chlorophyll comprises a leaf, we wanted to see f also some of it was present in the white zones of a leaf. This WOUld support the assumption that chlorophyll is green. 3. From the results of Part l, what can you conclude about the relationship between exposure to light and the presence of starch in leaves? The leaves exposed to light had photosynthesis occurring, producing glucose molecules which would be transformed into starch. Putting this into relation to the covered/ darkened leaves that didnt turn dark purple after having dropped the iodine on it leads to the conclusion that starch is only formed when the leaf is exposed to eight. 4. From the results of Part II, what can you conclude about the relationship between the presence of chlorophyll and the presence of starch in leaves? The Iodine solution was dropped on both of the leaves. The green leave had dark purple dots all over it, indicating the storage of starch. The variegated leave only had dark purple coloring on the green lines, the white stripes did not indicate any starch storage. 5. Two basic assumptions of the two experiments performed in this activity are 1) that the presence of star ch indicates that photosynthesis has occurred, and ) that the absence of starch indicates that no photosynthesis has occurred. Are these assumptions scientifically valid? State why or not. They seem to be scientifically valid, because experiments have been conducted upon the issue with resulting information to either support or refute the hypothesis. In this case we have gathered evidence that is based on clear reasoning. Conclusion The evidence gained through this experiment supports the hypothesis. The Iodine helped to localize the starch and identify the factors contributing the energy storage of photosynthesis. We can now state that photosynthesis only occurs during light exposure and starch is only produced on areas where chlorophyll is present.

Is US foreign policy driven by oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Is US foreign policy driven by oil - Essay Example The U.S. foreign policy is thus energy driven and security driven and these factors are integrated to exhibit the American dominance over the world (Bromley, S 2005 p.225 - 227). ‘Blood for oil’ is the term coined by social and political analysts to explain the overt actions of the United States to secure the oil fields in the Middle East. Michael Klare critises the national security policy of United States in Blood and oil. The author argues that the military and foreign policy of US has been driven by the need to ensure a safe method to source foreign oil specifically from the Middle East. Dependence on oil from foreign sources is continuously gowing and the US forces are deemed to fight to secure oil producing nations and supply routes. It is further argued that even if the United States diversifies its foreign oil supply sources, there is very less probability that the dependence on Gulf oil would reduce and the diversifiication of sources may increase the probablities of American involvement in conflict in other parts of the world. In the race to secure major shares of oil from other competitive nations, the U.S. is also highly probable to engage in war with China and Russia. Klare concludes by suggesting methods to reduce the costs involved for oil dependence that comes in the way of war and disharmony. The alternative methods suggested include a better national energy strategy of integrity and autonomy that detaches its method to secure energy from security obligations to governments abroad, reduction of oil consumption and to speed up methods to develop alternative energy sources. In short, Klare critices the foreign policy of U.S. that brings in consequences that are much underappreciated (Klare,M 2004). The national interest of United States is to remove any encumbrances or obstacles that obstruct the Americans in their pursuit for a better living and happiness. In

Object Oriented Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Object Oriented Technology - Essay Example This process might initially seem to involve unnecessary transitioning, as the applications can be easily integrated using a middleware application which requests/respond to queries to and from individual applications running in same/different platforms. Further, the resources (both manpower as well as system) involved in such transitions are much higher compared to developing a middleware application. However the advantages of using object oriented paradigm overwhelms these drawbacks with its enormous optimistic features and functionalities. The amount of effort involved in system transitions though high, is only a one time process. Once the existing models are transformed to object oriented models, the maintenance of the system become much easier and the resources involved for further enhancements would be reduced to a very great extent. Thus the end product of above process using Object Oriented approach would be a most reliable software application which runs on low production/ma intenance cost. 2. ... In object oriented approach, each of these entities are treated as objects as shown in below figure (fig 1). The objects communicate with each other by sending and receiving messages to perform the required task. Fig 1: Object oriented approach in banking application The structure of the entity in terms of all the functions (methods) and the data (inputs and outputs) involved for an object are defined in separate modules called Class. For example, in the above diagram, the data involved for the customer object would be customer id, customer name, customer address, customer contact number, customer email, etc. The functions involved would be to add customer data, get customer data, update customer data, etc. The bundle of all these data in the form of variables/data fields and all these functions in terms of methods are defined as a template/structure in a module (a piece of code stored separately) called Class (name it CUSTOMER). Similarly, the data fields involved for the account ob ject would be customer id, account number, PIN number, user id, password, account balance, interest etc and functions would be add account, verify account, get account info, get balance, set balance, etc. The data structure for this is stored in another class named ACCOUNT. The same procedure is followed for all the objects that are involved in the requirement. Thus the above figure is updated with the data fields and methods for each class as shown below (fig 2). This diagram/graphical representation of class in terms of data fields and methods is called Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagram. Though there are many data/methods involved in real scenario for each object, only few are shown in figure as example. Fig 2: UML diagram showing class definition for each Object Thus, in the

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development - Essay Example These pathogens have high probabilities of bioterrorism use because they can be disseminated fast and without difficulty; would simply need minimal amounts to cause and spread diseases; and would cause high levels of morbidity and mortality (Perlin, 2008). Category A agents, being the highest risk agents, are top priority in research efforts. Category B agents create the second highest threat.  Category C agents are the emerging communicable disease hazards (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Biological agents such as anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (â€Å"NIAID report claims great progress in biodefense research,† 2010), are cheap substitutes to conventional weapons. Preferred by terrorists, these pathogens have easy accessibility; rapid production and distribution; low detection and high potentials for causing national disturbance (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Since 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has shown remarkable progress in the development of measures to counteract bioterrorist attacks. Basic research programs comprise the latest designation and financial support of eight regional academic centers for biodefense research and rising transmittable diseases. All strains of pathogen genomes with high-risk for bioterror use are sequenced and determined of possible viral and protozoal bioterrorism infection. Researchers are given grants to study the deterrence, identification, and cure of diseases caused by bioweapons. The NIAID research targets on the development of effective vaccines and precise diagnosis (â€Å"NIAID report claims great progress in biodefense research,† 2010). Mucosal immunities are studied on areas of infection, such as the respiratory organs and oral passages since potential bioweapons are most likely to infect those areas (â€Å"Introduction to Biodefense Research,â₠¬  2010). Proposed efforts to

The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living Socrates Philosophy Essay

The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living Socrates Philosophy Essay The unexamined life is not worth living. With these words, Socrates stated the creed of reflective men and women and set the task for ethics: to seek, with the help of reason, a consistent and defensible approach to life and its moral dilemmas (Walters 22). Ethical inquiry is important to us when we are unsure of the direction in which we are heading. New philosophy calls all in doubt, wrote John Donne in the wake of the Copernican Revolution and of Charles Is violent death, suggesting that new thoughts had challenged old practices (Donne). Today, new practices in the biomedical sciences are challenging old thoughts: New medicine calls all in doubt (Walters 22). Few moral convictions are more deeply ingrained than that of the sanctity of life. If plausible once, however, the view that life is a sacred process (initiated, sustained, and finally halted by God) is now more difficult to maintain (Baier 1-4). Recent advances in the biomedical sciences allow us to intervene in, and sometimes take control of, the processes of life and death. Not only can death, quite often, be kept waiting by the bed or machine, doctors and scientists can now also intervene in, indeed, initiate the process of life: cloning and recombination of DNA are two examples; in vitro fertilization (IVF) is another (Walters 23). It is not surprising, then, that in the wake of these revolutionary developments, bioethics is flourishing. Despite the obvious enthusiasm of philosophers to take a stand on many complex moral issues in the biomedical sciences, however, a curious skepticism pervades the enterprise (Walters 23). Take the comments by a dean of an Australian Medical School on the teaching of medical ethics: Like any other lifelong clinical teacher I have firm views about such topics as euthanasia, continuing severe pain, acceptable and unacceptable risks of various treatments, the appropriate use of life support systems and numerous other matters of this sort which I discuss with my colleagues, assistants, and students but would not wish to teach dogmatically since much depends on the religious and ethical views which they may have and which also must command my respect (Medical Ethics). The paragraph suggests that although ethics is not a matter of dogmatism, it is a matter of personal preference or choice, something one cannot-or should not-argue about. Then there is another attitude, implied in a newspaper article by B.A. Santamaria, that ethical inquiry is useless unless those investigating bioethical issues have been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦endowed with authority by Almighty God [or] the Prime Ministerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Santamaria). Since the study of ethics is all about what is right and what is wrong, it is not possible to come to a correct conclusion unless one is directly appointed by God to make this conclusion. God is the only One who can correctly decree what is ethical and unethical; we as imperfect humans should not even attempt to do this job. IVF raises many of these difficult moral issues. If the above conceptions about the nature of ethics were correct, however, discussion of these issues would either be futile (because morality is a matter of personal choice or opinion) or superfluous (because morality is what a divine or secular authority says it is) (Walters 23). In this paper, I want to suggest that it is not only possible, but also necessary to inquire into the ethics of such practices as IVF because the fact that we can do something does not mean that we ought to do it. To begin with, I will provide the basic medical facts involving IVF to give a solid understanding of what goes into the whole process and what facts involving this process cause the questioning of the ethical and moral issues. Infertility affects about 4.9 million couples in the United States, or one in every twelve. Approximately one-third of infertility cases can be traced to causes in the female (Encarta). However, a small proportion of infertile women can produce healthy eggs but, although they have a normal uterus, they have damaged or diseased fallopian tubes which prevent the egg from passing from the ovary to the uterus (Warnock 29). Aside from conventional methods of fertility treatment, there are also several newer techniques, collectively known as assisted reproductive technology (ART). The best known of these is in vitro fertilization (IVF) (Encarta). The concept of IVF is simple. A ripe human egg is extracted from the ovary, shortly before it would have been released naturally. The egg is then mixed with the semen of the husband or partner so that fertilization can occur. The fertilized egg, once it has started to divide, is then transferred back to the mothers uterus. It is common practice to transfer more than one embryo to a potential mother whenever possible because of the normal hazards that come along with pregnancy, such as the egg not attaching to the wall of the uterus (Warnock 29-30). As many ripe eggs as are accessible are harvested. Each egg is then mixed with semen to achieve fertilization. Assuming there is no abnormality in the semen, the success rate of fertilization is usually at least 75%. When the time comes to transfer the embryos to the woman, it may be that only one embryo is suitable for transfer, or there may be several. The reason for transferring more then one embryo is that this should give the woman a better chance of achieving a pregnancy (Warnock 30). Nearly 0.2% of American and 1% of British babies are being born after IVF. There are now more than 300,000 IVF babies worldwide. Patients stand in line for treatment, regardless of the stress, discomfort, and risks, and despite the fact that the success rate for the treatment is seldom better than 1 in 5 or 20% (Gosden 26-27). This surprisingly high number of IVF babies, and the many more IVF attempts that do not produce babies, which are currently being produced around the world present a need for the discussion of the ethical, or unethical-ness of in vitro fertilization. To call an infant born as the result of IVF a created individual is to imply that there is some difference between a child conceived and brought to term in this way and one conceived in the womb and carried through completely to term by the mother. To many religious people, the work of creation belongs, in the first place, to God, as it is outlined in the creation stories of the book of Genesis. God is the one who creates life and order out of chaos. Mankind is the highest product of creation, made from materials, which are part of creation. To man, who is made in the image of God, there is given dominion over the created world and the authority to exercise a stewardship which involves caring for what has been created. This has been developed within the Christian tradition so that man may be considered a partner with God in the continuing work of creation (Walters 88). In examining the question of IVF we are not looking at a question of creation out of nothing, but rather what may be seen, from the religious viewpoint, as an aspect of the trust given to mankind to care for creation. It may then be more appropriate to think of the facilitated rather then the created individual when we consider human intervention in the process of human fertilization (Walters 88). In considering this question and its ramification we will look at the viewpoints of some writers, both within and outside the Judeo-Christian ethical tradition, and try to determine whether or not basic notions of humanity are threatened by the artificiality which some have claimed is involved in the process. One argument against IVF is presented by the Roman Catholic Church using natural law as the basis for their argument. The theory of natural law is widely taken to mean that God has visibly set forth Gods laws in nature and humans should obey them (Dyson 52). The primary feature of IVF that comes under scrutiny from natural law is undoubtedly concerned with IVF as external fertilization. This is to say, the primary accusation coming from natural law focuses on the fact that in IVF, fertilization occurs in vitro in a glass dish, rather than in vivo, namely in the womans body. A second feature of IVF that is challenged by natural law is the use of masturbation by the husband or donor to provide the sperm without which the external fertilization cannot go ahead (Dyson 53). A rebuttal against this is presented by Fletcher, in which he has proposed a personal instead of a biological interpretation [of the natural law theory], so that the nature to be respected becomes not the reproductive process but what is worthy of a human being-freedom, planning, control of physical nature to serve human nature! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Mans vocation is actually to frustrate nature as do medicine and technology, if rational needs and purposes require it (Fletcher 323). Another argument that many use to defend IVF, and also abortion, is that the embryo is not actually a human being but instead just a mass of cells with the potential to become a child, therefore not worthy of respect or careful treatment as that which would be awarded to a baby. Walters, however, argues that the embryo is actually living: it metabolizes, respires, responds to changes in the environment, grows, and divides (Kass 32-60). It is actually human; it pertains to the species homo sapiens. It is inappropriate, therefore, to refer to it as potential human life. We could, however, say it is potentially a mature human being (Walters 51). Walters continues this argument using the reasoning of Paul Ramsey. The human individual comes into existence first as a minute informational speckà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (with the single exception of identical [multiple births]) no one else in the entire history of the human race has ever had or will ever have exactly the same genotype. Thus, it can be said that the individual is whoever he is going to become from the moment of impregnation. Thereafter, his subsequent development may be ascribed as a process of becoming the one he already is. However, some would counter-argue that, since twinning and recombination are possible in the early days after fertilization, irreversible individuality had not been achieved at this stage. These possibilities show the uncertainty of human individuation at conception. If the uncertainty remains as long as twinning is possible, it would seem that individuality could be certainly established only at blastocyst (an embryo four to six days after fertilization). Before this period, the embryo may be considered as only potentially a human being. This would imply that it is worthy of respect but not the same degree of respect as accorded to a mature human being (Walters 53). There are many more arguments concerning the ethicalness of in vitro fertilization, but the discussions stated above are the main points stated by the opposing sides. I do not believe one single conclusion can ever be drawn from these arguments. One can form him or her own personal opinion, but there will never be a single right or wrong answer. Based on the arguments I have read and learned about while writing this paper, I have drawn my own conclusions regarding the ethicalness of in vitro fertilization. I believe an embryo is a human being from the moment of conception and therefore its life should be treated with as much respect as a born baby should. I believe this life is precious and a creation of God. A baby is also, or should be, the representation of two people coming together in love to create a life. It should not be done outside of the body. An argument presented in Walters book that defends this position states: Those who reject human interference at the beginning of life would most certainly do so on the basis that what nature has decreed cannot take place ought not to take place. For an infertile couple, this implies that they must remain infertile: if they cannot produce a child by the normal means of conception then they must remain childlessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(89) This is not necessarily the case and is a very narrow-minded conclusion to draw, as I will explain in the next paragraph. I sympathize with the couples who wish to have a child that shares their genetics, but I believe God made the couple infertile for a specific reason. He made them infertile so they could have the opportunity to give an orphaned or abandoned child a home. There are thousands, maybe even millions, of children without families all over the world. These children deserve love and a home just as much as the couple deserves to have a child. As William Walters put it so clearly, instead of insisting on the right of a couple to have a child, as some have done, let us be mindful rather of the right of a child to have parents (Walters 78). Just because a couple cannot produce their own genetic child does not mean that they must remain childless. While many people may not agree with other conclusions I have drawn regarding the personhood of the embryo or the immorality of a couple having a child outside of intimacy, there is no disputing the fact that infertile couples have an alternative to having a child created through science. They could make something good out of a seemingly bad thing by giving a child without a family a home, love, and a life. There is an alternative to infertility without relying on scientists, test tubes, and small chances. They can create their own miracle by giving life to an already-born deserving child. Baier, K. The Sanctity of Life, Journal of Social Philosophy. Vol. 5. April 1974: 1-4. Donne, John. The First Anniversary. Dyson, Anthony O. The Ethics of IVF. Mowbrey: 1995. Fletcher, J. Anglican Theology and the Ethics of Natural Law, Christian Social Ethics in a Changing World: An Ecumenical Theological Inquiry. Association Press: New York, 1966. Flynn, Eileen P. Human Fertilization In Vitro: A Catholic Moral Perspective. University Press of America: 1984. Gosden, Roger. Designing Babies. W.H. Freeman and Co.: New York, 1999. Kass, L.R. Making Babies Revisited, The Public Interest. Vol. 54. 1979: 32-60. Infertility. Encarta 1998. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corporation, 1993-1997. Medical Ethics. Editorial. The Medical Journal of Australia 11 June 1977: p. 871. ODonovon, Oliver. Begotten or Made? Clarendon Press: 1984. Ramsey, Paul in Rachels, J. ed. Moral Problems. Harper Row: New York, 1975. Santamaria, B.A. Medics Play God With Babes on Ice. Perth Independent 26 May 1981. Walters, William and Peter Singer ed. Test-Tube Babies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. Warnock, Mary. A Question of Life. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984.

The Crusade for Equal Rights in the United States Essay -- American Hi

The struggle for equal rights has been an ongoing issue in the United States. For most of the twentieth century Americans worked toward equality. Through demonstrations, protests, riots, and parades citizens have made demands and voiced their concerns for equal rights. For the first time minority groups were banding together to achieve the American dream of liberty and justice for all. Whether it was equality for women, politics, minorities, or the economy the battle was usually well worth the outcome. I have chosen articles that discuss some of the struggles, voyages, and triumphs that have occurred. The people discussed in the following articles represent only a portion of those who suffered. The first speech that I chose was written by Martin Luther King Jr. in December 1955. The speech was given in Montgomery, Alabama and spoke to African-Americans who gathered in protest after the arrest of Rosa Parks. She refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus and was subsequently arrested. The African-American community decided to protest the decision and a mass rally ensued. According to Foner, â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. invoked Christian and American ideals of justice and democracy in his speeches.† (901) King used these themes to address the protestors and spoke of Rosa Parks’ character, morals, and integrity. Martin Luther King Jr. was a national symbol of the civil rights struggle and advocated for the African-American community by protesting in a non-violent manner. The demonstrations and protests that were led by King evoked the lack of freedom, justice, and equality that African-Americans endured. Even with all of the injustices that occurred, African-Americans were proud to be American and use... ...rations. Segregation, which was once considered the norm, is now a thing of the past because of such demonstrations. Women were considered inferior to men and were forced to stay at home in the traditional role of housewife until the 1960s. The fact that women united together for equality allowed them to become active in politics, professional roles, and have control over their own bodies. Protestors in the 90s brought attention to inequality on a different level. The environment and economic inequality were now pressing issues. Demonstrations brought public attention to environmental, global, and economic issues. Without unity from these groups the United States would be a completely different country. It is with great admiration that I discuss the events and struggles that these people endured, for I don’t know if I would have the courage to do the same.

Financial Management Essay

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157 defines what is fair value as understood in terms of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and it also increases disclosure requirement about fair value measurements. This latest Statement, effective this 2007 is being made applicable to other accounting pronouncements made earlier where there is a requirement or allowance for use fair value measurements of an accounting entities’ assets, liabilities and equity accounts. (Bernstein, 1993; Brigham and Houston, 2002). SFAS 157 therefore does not require any new fair value measurements on the basis of the Financial Accounting Standards Board having earlier determined that that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute (FASB, n. d. ). As to why the FASB needed to issue this SFAS, it may be recalled that before this Statement, the Accounting profession has already been exposed to different definitions of fair value but only had limited guidance for applying those definitions in GAAP (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). This is not to mention the fact that that guidance to accountants was found in many accounting pronouncements that require fair value measurements, thereby generating differences that strong enough to create possible inconsistencies of these guidelines hence may be held contrary into the FASB objective of applying GAA less complex. Increased consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and for expanded disclosures about fair value measurements appears to be the clear objective of FASB in enacting this SFAS 157 (FASB, n. d. ). As to how this differs from other fair value pronouncements, the argued may be framed on the following points: First, since the changes to current practice resulting from the application of this Statement relate to the definition of fair value, the methods used to measure fair value, and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements, the differences should only be expected to arise on said points. Specifically, the present definition of fair value under SFAS 157 preserves the exchange price notion in earlier definitions of fair value. SFAS 157 however now makes the clarification that â€Å"the exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability in the market in which the reporting entity would transact for the asset or liability, that is, the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. † (FASB, 2007, n. d. ). The new statement treats the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability as a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, considered from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability. It is therefore clear to see focus of the definition made on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability (FASB, 2007, n. d. ). Such definition of price is of course different and should be distinguished on the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability. It needs to be emphasized also that SFAS treats fair value as a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, hence measurement is determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (FASB, 2007, n. d. ). 3. Select one public company in the last 3 years that has had asset impairments and have a one page explanation of what the impairment was about and under what standard it was calculated. The company is selected is Standard Register. Using its 2006 Annual Report, the company (Standard Register 2007b) has indeed asset impairment Net Assets Held for Sale based on its notes to FS which provides: â€Å"In conjunction with the closing of the Terre Haute plant, in 2006 the Company recorded $1,474 of asset impairments, primarily related to equipment. The carrying value of the Terre Haute building and equipment was adjusted to its fair value less costs to sell, considering recent sales of similar properties and real estate valuations† This paper submits that the impairment may have been calculated under SFAS No. 154, made effective on January 2, 2006, on Accounting Changes and Error Corrections which is a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement No. 3. (Standard Register 2007a) 4. Submit the title page of SFAS 157 from the FASB or FARS site. See Next Page. 5. Submit a copy of the page of the company 10-K that indicates the impairment Bernstein, Financial Statement Analysis, IRWIN, Sydney, Australia, (1993) Brigham and Houston, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Thomson South-Western, US, 2002 FASB, Summary of Statement No. 157 Fair Value Measurements, (n. d. ) http://www. fasb. org/st/summary/stsum157. shtml, {www document} URL, Accessed October 7, 2007 Meigs and Meigs, Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1995 Standard Register, 2006 Annual Report, Form 10 – K, (2007a) {www document} URL http://media. corporate-ir. net/media_files/irol/95/95849/2006annualreport2. pdf, Accessed October 7, 2007 Standard Register, Company Website, (2007b) {www document} URL, http://www. standardregister. com/, Accessed October 7, 2007

Capital punishment2 essays

Capital punishment2 essays Capital Punishment is a term used for criminals who are punished by being put to death. Ever since the early 1800's, most executions have been a result of murder convictions. Some other crimes that have invoked the use of the death penalty are; robbery, kidnapping, rape, and treason. When it comes down to it this is a controversial issue that questions morality. In England during the 18th century, death was decreed for several hundred specific offenses, particularly for those against property. During that time, however, limitations began to be placed on the number and types of offenses for which criminals were put to death. The 1970's had eliminated death as a statutory punishment in many countries such as; Portugal, Denmark, Venezuela, Austria, Brazil, Switzerland, and Great Britain. In other countries if it still occurred it was a rare thing. Within the US there are death penalty statutes in some states but not all. In 1972 the Supreme Court made a ruling stating, that capital punishment laws as they stood were unconstitutional . However later on an other supreme court ruling upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty per se, and since then many states have passed death penalty laws with in the regulations of the court's ruling. Many people oppose the death penalty because they think it is morally wrong and cruel. Some even warn against the risk of executing people who are wrongly accused and convicted. Other people believe that if someone takes a human life then they deserve theirs. The early 1990's have executed about 150 people executed in the United States since 1976 and 2,000 people are on death row. The United Nations has to take a good look at this situation and put their own morality behind them when they decide what they want to do. Thousands of humans are in the hands of the UN. This topic needs serious consideration and a well thought out solution. ...

The Difference Between Works Cited and Bibliography

The Difference Between and Bibliography The citation of sources prevents plagiarism, helps a professor fact-check an essay or paper for accuracy, and can aid the student in finding information if they decide to return to a certain source in the future. Most everything written or published in the higher academy is cited. The citation of sources prevents  plagiarism, helps a professor fact-check an essay or paper for accuracy, and can aid the student in finding information if they decide to return to a certain source in the future. Learning the importance of citing sources is something any and every student should learn wholeheartedly and always embrace because, at the college or university level, it is a fact of life. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLES However, with the overwhelming bombardment of information and terminology in higher education, it can be a challenge doing things the correct way – and can get very confusing.  This certainly applies to a writing assignment requiring a student to cite the sources they have used, referred to or encountered in compiling information and writing an essay or research paper. A page and Bibliography are perfect examples: the two are often used interchangeably, mean close to the same thing, yet have entirely different purposes, meanings,  and implications. The Bibliography Bibliographies, which are mostly found at the end of a book or published an academic  article, are a list of the books or other articles referred to in a scholarly work – and are not merely a simple paper, essay or research paper written by an undergraduate. Usually printed as an appendix, bibliographies provide an overview of what has been published on a topic. Some bibliographies are annotated, meaning they include a brief summary of each work’s contents and explain how it was relevant in writing about the subject of the paper. A bibliography is an ideal starting point for the student looking to conduct research on a specific topic or range of topics.  However, some professors may require their students to make a list of all the sources that informed the student writing the paper – those that may have  lead the student to other, more recent sources. In this case, a bibliography may be best. The The , often referred to as the â€Å" Page,† is a separate page at the end of a student’s essay or research paper; it lists the sources they used in the writing and completing their assignment – whether they used information in direct quotes, rephrased summaries, the incorporation of data and general information, like statistics. Whenever a student borrows legitimate information from any reputable source (anything that is not common knowledge: â€Å"the capital of Thailand is Bangkok†), that information needs to be cited in MLA style. This list should be alphabetized by authors’ last names – or by editors’ or translators’ names – and should have â€Å"† as a centered heading. In many cases, one’s professor may read the student’s page first to get a feel for the kind of effort put into the assignment. FOOTNOTES VS. ENDNOTES Student, keep in mind!  In the event, a student is not sure which exactly their professor prefers – works cited, bibliography or an annotated bibliography – that student should talk with their professor; rather than risk getting a low grade, it is best they inquire early on in getting an assignment.

Kodak and Fujifilm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kodak and Fujifilm - Research Paper Example The company was able to command 90% of the market by the year 1976. The 90% market command was because of sale of films and the sales of cameras were able to command 85% of the market share in the USA (Burley, 2007). History of Fujifilm Fujifilm is a Japanese multinational company that is based in Tokyo, Japan. The company deals with activities like production, development, servicing, and sales of colored photographic films, photofinishing equipments, digital cameras, color paper, photofinishing chemicals, graphic arts equipments, medical imaging equipments, optical devices, printers, photocopiers, and panel display. The company was established in the year 1934. The aim of the company was to be the very first Japanese manufacturer of photographic film. Within a period of 10 years, the company was able to produce motion-picture films, photographic films, and x-ray films. The company was able to enter into optical glass business in the year 1940s. Other products produced were lenses an d equipments in the market. Diversification of the company’s products was done after the Second World War. The company was able to produce medical products, printing, magnetic materials fields, and electronic imaging. Both Fuji Photo and Rank Xerox that are UK Company launched Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. Fuji Company was able to intensify its businesses overseas in the 1950s. This company was able to enjoy a monopoly in Japan market (Burley, 2007). Core businesses Both Fujifilm and Kodak have focused on imaging and photography as the core business. Kodak had started earlier than Fujifilm. Fujifilm Company gave a lot of emphasis to market changes and through that, it was able to maintain a reckoning up date. On the contrary, its counterpart Kodak is in bankruptcy protection. Management of Kodak Company The management of the company failed to move fast into the digital world. The company was able to face technological discontinuities. This is because the company failed to combat the ne w changes. The company was reported to be full of complacency. The top officials of the company failed to employ quick strategies to combat the changes in technology. The company can be said to have been built on a culture of innovations and change. The success earned by the company in the early years of the 1970s made its leaders to block their ears from the cry of the customers about the looming failure that was ahead of the company. The poor management finally led to the collapse of the company. Unlike Fuji Film Company that decided to embrace technology, Kodak Company failed to embrace technology. They were not able to go digital at the time when Fuji Film was going digital (Don, 2011). Management of Fujifilm The company was able to build strong and robust corporate constitution. This was possible through implementation of structural reforms that were able to encompass every facet of its operations. The company was able to expand its business in the global markets such as emergi ng countries. A lot of business deteriorated in Europe due to flooding in Thailand. This greatly affected this company and as a result, the company was able to lose a lot of earnings and revenues from Europe. After this downturn, the company was able to employ new medium term management. The new medium term management was covered in the VISION80 plan of the company. The plan was to cover two years. The two years were 2013 and 2014. Unlike a Kodak company, the company was

Analyzing Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Messages - Essay Example With this, she invites Spencer to visit them when he gets the time. The email correspondence reveals two important aspects of written communication. First, the kind of language people use in written business correspondence depends on the relationship between them. Second, factors like gender and technology also come into play. Specifically, the language of the email is formal, similar to other business letters. The relationship between the two as service provider and client effects the formality of the correspondence. If the situation is reversed and Spencer will be the one to email Megan, thinking that Spencer is the service provider, the language could be more esteeming and polite as what can be seen in the second letter. Gender could have also played an important part in Megan’s writing. Being a woman, she did not want to be misinterpreted, thus kept the language formal. Also, her email is brief and no sense of closeness or endearment may be felt. The last line that says, â€Å"Do visit us when you have time† is a cordial invitation normal between a client and service provider. There are no terms used to signify personal closeness. Megan’s position in the company also plays a part in the construction of her email. Being the HR Manager, she is in the position to invite Spencer over to their office. Nevertheless, considering that Spencer is the Operations Manager in Cunninghams, she also included the clause â€Å"when you have time† to acknowledge how busy Spencer could be. As Steinberg (2007) notes, the style of communication is important in interpersonal communication. In this particular example, the use of technology as a communication style is very appropriate. The purpose and formality of the subject matter called for formality and such was achieved through emails. I hope this email finds you well. I am very glad to announce that Cunninghams, Inc. has just established a branch office in San Francisco, California as part of its